Plate girder is an economical choice for long spans construction. I-section steel plate girder typically has a deep web to maximize its shear capacity and flange separation, yet thin web to minimize the self-weight. Due to its large height-to-thickness (h/tw) ratio, transverse stiffeners may be required to stiffen the slender web.
The events of recent years remind us of the importance of earthquake engineering in seismic regions. For you as an engineer, the design of structures in earthquake-prone areas is a constant trade-off between economic efficiency – the financial possibilities – and structural safety. If a collapse is inevitable, engineers must estimate how it will affect the structure. This article aims to provide you with an option on how to perform this estimation.
In Part 1, the selection of the design criteria for dimensioning the reinforcement for the serviceability limit state design in RF‑CONCRETE Members and CONCRETE was explained. Now, we go into detail for the function "Find economical reinforcement for crack width design".
Due to the structural efficiency and economic benefits, dome-shaped roofs are frequently used for storehouses or stadiums. Even if the dome has the corresponding geometrical shape, it is not easy to estimate wind loads due to the Reynolds number effect. The external pressure coefficients (cpe) depend on the Reynolds numbers and on the slenderness of the structure. EN 1991‑1‑4 [1] can help you to estimate the wind loads on a dome. Based on this, the following article explains how to define a wind load in RFEM. Wind loads of the structure shown in Image 01 can be divided as follows: Wind Load on Wall, Wind Load on Dome.